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Glutathione (also GHS) is a peptide composed of the amino acids glutamate,cysteine and glycine.
The level of cysteine is the limiting factor in glutathione synthesis within cells because cysteine is
scarce in food
products. Therefore, it may sometimes be necessary to promote glutathione synthesis with cysteine dietary
supplements.
Biologically sourced cystine or cysteine promotes the formation of glutathione.
While all cells in the human body are capable of synthesizing glutathione, it has been shown that
liver glutathione
synthesis is crucial because it facilitates important DETOXIFICATION processes. Through direct
conjugation, it
detoxifies many xenobiotics (foreign compounds) and carcinogens, both organic and inorganic.
Alongside melatonin, glutathione is an important ANTIOXIDANT for cells. It is ubiquitous and helps
protect cells from
reactive oxygen species such as free radicals and peroxides. A decrease in glutathione levels can
lead to sustained
cellular oxidative stress and cellular toxicity.
It is an IMMUNOMODULATOR, acting on lymphocyte proliferation and immune response, including
cytotoxic T cells and
natural killer cells (NK cells).
Glutathione is essential in numerous metabolic and biochemical reactions, such as DNA synthesis and
repair, protein
synthesis, prostaglandin synthesis, amino acid transport, and enzyme activation. As a result, the
health of the
glutathione system can significantly affect all bodily systems, including the immune, nervous,
gastrointestinal, and
respiratory systems.
Glutathione deficiency is implicated in various conditions, including HIV/AIDS, infectious hepatitis, prostate cancer, other types of cancers, cataracts, Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), asthma, radiation poisoning, malnutrition, severe physical stress, aging, and suboptimal immune response. Many clinical pathologies are associated with oxidative stress, as detailed in numerous medical references.